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Q No conditions to list. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

W Waardenburg Syndrome Etiology: mutations in genes involving the development of melanocytes + neural crest cells Inheritance : AD Appearance : patchy depigmentation of skin, hair Ass. conditions : deafness, heterochromia iridis Tx : no cure, sun protection, audiology exam Warfarin-induced skin necrosis Etiology: warfarin decreases protein C = poor inactivation of factor Va and VIIIa = hyper coagulable state Timing : first 2-5 days of starting warfarin Appearance : purport that becomes bluish-black with a red rim over a few days; blood blisters and full thickness skin necrosis follows Locations : extremities, breasts, trunk, penis Ass. conditions : protein C deficiency At risk: 50-70 yo, obese pts, perimenopausal women Tx : stop warfarin, Vitamin K reverses warfarin quicker, may require surgery or skin grafting Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (meningococcal disease) Etiology: Meningococcus which leads to adrenal hemorrhage, fulminant sepsis, and DIC Appearance : petechial or purpura that do not blanch Ass. sx : neck stiffness, HA, N/V, fevers, chills, irritability, seizure Location : begins on trunk or legs At risk : less than 4 yo, complement deficiencies, asplenic patients Tx : Penicillin, 3rd gen cephalosporin, IVF, NE, platelets Prog : if not treated quickly, pt may rapidly die A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

U Urticaria / Hives Etiology: mast cell degranulation from allergic reaction (T1HS) or AutoAb to FcER1 (T2HS) Appearance: wheals that disappear within 24 hours; surrounding erythema will blanch Ass. conditions : angioedema Sx : pruritus Tx : avoid trigger, antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine ), omalizumab, cyclosporin Urticarial vasculitis Etiology: rare inflammatory condition affecting small blood vessels in the skin Ass. with : SLE, Sjogrens, leukemia, viral conditions, drug induced Sx : painful or burning sensation Appearance : wheals that will last longer than 24 hours Prog : will go away in 1-3 years of onset Tx : antihistamines, NSAIDs, CCS, immunosuppressant, omalizumab, dapsone A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Hi! I’m Paige, an OMS-4 student. Welcome to Daly Dermatology: Your guide to growing your confidence and knowledge about your skin while getting tips on work-life balance from a current medical student! I was diagnosed with vitiligo at a young age and have struggled with other skin conditions my whole life and therefore struggled with confidence. I am still growing in my confidence journey, but by expanding my knowledge of how to better my own skin, I am becoming more confident in who I am. I am excited to share with you what I have learned and experienced while on a budget (because you know, med school) and I am excited for you to join me on my journey while I root for you on yours! So welcome! I am so excited! Student Dr. Paige Daly To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key.

E Ecthyma Etiology : deep erosion of impetigo into the dermis via S. aureus + S. pyogenes Appearance : begins as a vesicle or pustule on inflamed skin, then develops a hard crust covering the blister; if crust is removed, lesion will reveal an ulcer that is erythematous, edematous, and oozing pus Location : buttocks, thighs, legs, ankle, feet At risk : immunocompromised, warmer climates Tx : topical antibiotics (fusidic acid, mupirocin) oral abx (dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin are go-to's) Ecthyma Gangrenosum Etiology : P. aeruginosa Appearance : painless, annular, erythematous patches that rapidly become pustular hemorrhagic focus appears in the center + forms a blister that spreads peripherally gangrenous ulceration develops with a black/gray scab surrounded by a red halo At risk : immunocompromised, critically ill Tx : piperacillin, FQ, aminoglycosides Eczema Herpeticum Etiology : HSV 1 or 2 infection Appearance : clusters of erythematous based vesicles that spread over 7–10 days + may rarely be widely disseminate Sx : fever, and itchy vesicles At risk : infants + children with atopic dermatitis Location : face + neck Tx : oral acyclovir To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Enteric fever / Typhoid fever Etiology : Salmonella typhi Appearance : "rose spots" - grouped 5-15 pink blanching papules Ass. sx : abd pain, diarrhea, constipation, N/V, fever At risk : developing countries with poor hygiene Location : anterior trunk Tx : abx (ceftriaxone + azithromycin) Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst (EIC) Etiology : occluded pilosebaceous unit Appearance : mobile dermal nodule with overlying punctum At risk : adults, men, acromegaly Location : central trunk and face Tx : excision with an intact capsule Epidermolysis Bullosa Etiology: gene mutation (KRT5, KRT14, LAMA3, LAMB3, COL7A1) that makes the skin more fragile Inheritance : AD or AR (multiple subtypes) Appearance : blisters which burst easily and leave slow-healing wounds Location : sites of friction and minor trauma (hands + feet) Types : - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex - Junctional epidermolysis bullosa - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa - Kindler syndrome Tx : gene therapy + cell based therapy; treat symptoms (protect skin, stop blisters, promote healing, prevent complications) To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Erysipelas Etiology: S. pyogenes that infects the upper dermis Location : lower extremities > face Sx : systemic symptoms before onset of well demarcated erythematous plaque with burning, tenderness, and itching Ass. sx : fevers, chills, shivering At risk : immunocompromised, DM, very young + very old Tx : oral penicillin Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/1 Erythema Induratum of Bazin Etiology: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Appearance: erythematous to violaceous nodules or plaques that can ulcerate and scar Sx : tender, painful Location : posterior lower leg At risk : young to middle-aged women Tx : slow resolution over months; compression therapy, leg elevation, and NSAIDs 1/3 Erythema Infectiosum / Fifth Disease / Slapped Cheek Rash Etiology : Parvovirus B19 Appearance : classic malar rash beginning 2-5 days after onset of other sx; few days later a lacy race appears on trunk + extremities Other sx : HA, mild fever Transmission : respiratory secretions At risk : children + daycare workers Tx : self limited Preventative : Affected children may remain at school, as the infectious stage or viremia occurs before the rash is evident Erythema Marginatum Etiology: S. pyogenes (acute rheumatic fever) Appearance : evanescent pink well demarcated, serpiginous macules that clear centrally Other sx : fever, abd pain, muscle aches At risk : 5-15 yo, developing countries Location : trunk, upper arms and legs Tx : oral penicillin Erythema Multiforme Etiology : HSV (MC), TB, mycoplasma pneumonia, other chemicals or medications Appearance : targetoid lesion - central dusky purpura with an elevated edematous pale ring ; typically occurring 1-2 weeks after infection Location : extremities and spreads centripetally Sx : painful At risk : 20-40 yo, males, genetic predisposition for HLA-DQB1* 0301 allele Tx : self limited; topical CS can relieve symptoms Erythema Nodosum Etiology : delayed type IV HS reaction that can be triggered by infection, drugs, inflammatory disease, Hodgkin lymphoma, sarcoidosis, pregnancy Appearance : erythematous, immobile nodules Sx : tender nodules, fever, joint pain, edematous ankles Location : anterior lower legs At risk : women, 25-40 yo Tx : self limited, treat underlying condition, bedrest, leg elevation , compression stockings Prog : resolve within a month Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum (ETN) Description : erythematous macules, papules, and pustules that can erupt over several days and it is unusual for an individual lesion to persist for more than a day; appears in the first 4 days of life Histo : predominantly eos Location : starts on face, spreads to trunk and limbs; spares palms + soles At risk : newborns Tx : reassurance Erythrasma Etiology : Corynebacterium minutissimum Appearance : well defined pink to brown patches with fine scale and superficial fissures Location : folds under arms, groin (males), between toes (females) At risk : humid environment, sweating, obesity, poor hygiene Tx : fusidic cream, clindamycin solution, benzoyl peroxide, Whitfield ointment To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Erythroderma Etiology : drugs, AD, psoriasis, PRP, GVHD, internal malignancies, CTCL Appearance : generalized erythema with scales covering >80% of BSA Sx : fevers, chills, pruritus, peripheral edema At risk : males Tx : discontinue all unnecessary meds, monitor fluid balance and body temp, keep skin moisturized, treat underlying cause Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/3 Exanthematous Drug Eruption Appearance: erythematous macules and papules Location : first appear on trunk and spread centrifugally to extremities in symmetric fashion Timing : 7-10 days after drug initiation or 24-48 hours after repeat drug initiation Sx : fever, pruritus Tx : topical steroids, oral antihistamines Prog : resolves in a few days to a week after med stopped Extramammary Paget Disease Etiology: intraepithelial adenocarcinoma Appearance : asymmetrical, erythematous to pink plaque with ulcer and overlying crust Sx : pruritus, burning, pain Location : vulva (females), perianal (men) At risk : 50+ yo, Caucasians Tx : wide local excision and MOHs 1/4 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

S Salmon patch / Nevus simplex Etiology : vasomotor immaturity Appearance : pink to red blanchable patches Location : nape of neck, eyelids, glabella Tx : none Prog : fades within first 2 yrs of life To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Scabies Etiology : Sarcoptes scabiei Appearance : scattered pink papules, burrows, vesicles, and excoriations At risk : living in close quarters (dorms, nursing homes, homeless) Location : web spaces of fingers, umbilicus, belt line, groin, axillae Tx : 2 doses of permethrin given 10 days apart or with oral ivermectin 1/9 Scalded Skin Syndrome Etiology : S. Aureus (exfoliative toxin) Description : red rash with wrinkled tissue or paper-like consistency that typically starts on the face and flexural regions, then spreads rapidly to other parts of the body; bullae can form post-rash and easily rupture causing sloughing of the skin in large sheets At risk : <5 yo, RF immunosuppressed, DM Location : skin folds and then disseminates in 48 hrs Tx : burn unit/ICU, IV abx Scarlet fever / Second Disease Etiology : S. pyogenes (exotoxins A, B, C) Description : fine blanching rash post sore throat; “goose skin or sandpaper like” Sebaceous Hyperplasia Appearance : skin-colored or yellowish umbilicated papules Vs . BCC – pearly, waxy with telangiectasia that will bleed or scab easily Prog : expect more in coming years Dermoscopy : “crown vessel” pattern with vessels that are blurry and restricted to the periphery Seborrheic Dermatitis Appearance : erythematous patches with overlying scale; greasy yellow plaque with scale Location : scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, nasolabial folds, external auditory canal, central chest Tx : ketoconazole twice daily, desonide cream twice daily for 1-2 weeks, antidandruff shampoo Etiology : increased activity of sebaceous glands due to presence of Malassezia Description : erythematous, well-demarcated plaques with greasy yellow scales in areas rich in sebaceous glands; worsens in winter and early spring; in darker skin, the plaques and scales can make the skin appear lighter Location : scalp, face, periocular Associated with : Parkinson’s Disease, HIV Hypopigmentation due to widespread SD Faint redness and scaling along creases of nose Slight scale Fine scaliness and redness along nose and cheeks Beard is common location for SD SD affecting eyelid The fold behind the ear is a common location for seborrheic dermatitis. SD common in ear canal Scale and erythema due to seborrhoeic dermattis on the glabella and brows Confluent erythema and scale due to scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis Flexural seborrhoeic dermatitis in the axilla Pigmented paranasal seborrhoeic dermatitis in skin of colour Seborrhoeic blepharitis and dermatitis on the cheeks Seborrhoeic dermatitis around the hair line and forehead in skin of colour Inflammatory infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis – note lesions in the body folds Thick yellow scale in crade cap Seborrheic Keratosis (SK) Etiology : mutations in FGFR3 genes At risk : > 30 yo Appearance : "stuck on" appearing warty plaque or patches Dermoscopy : moth eaten borders, keratin pseudocysts Tx : cryo (light skin), EDC (darker skin) Senile Purpura Etiology: steroids, blood thinners, poor nutritional status, fair skin, age Location : dorsal hands , forearms Tx : none 1/10 Sézary Syndrome Etiology : unknown Description : Lighter skin = diffuse red rash with pruritis and edema covering >80% of body. Darker skin = gray, purple or brown. Early symptoms of rash appears like eczema or psoriasis At risk : elderly 1/3 Sjögren-Larsson syndrome Define : rare genetic disorder characterized by ichthyosis (scaly skin), intellectual disability, and spasticity Etiology : deficiency in fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), which is encoded by the ALDH3A2 gene Inheritance : AR Tx : leukotriene B4 Smallpox Etiology : smallpox virus Description : after 2-4 days of fever, body aches and headache, a rash develops rash becomes raised bumps that then become fluid-filled with a depression in the center (umbilicated) bumps turn into pustules that are raised, round and firm to touch after about 5 days pustules begin to form a crust and then scab scabs fall off leaving marks on the skin that eventually become pitted scars Location : Rash spreads to face, arms, legs, hands and feet and to all parts of the body within 24 hours Solar Elastosis / Actinic Elastosis Etiology : chronic sun damage + smoking Description : dry, thick, and yellow skin, with bumps, wrinkles, or furrowing Solar Lentigo / Sun spot Appearance : hyperpigmented macules and patches Tx : bleaching creams, LN, chemical peels, lasers Solitary (Juvenile) Xanthogranuloma (JXG) Histo : touton giant cells, lots of eos Spider angioma / Spider naevus / Spider telangiectasia Etiology : increased estrogen Description : spider webs or tree branches (arteriole) Associated with : liver cirrhosis + pregnancy Spitz nevus Appearance : raised, dome-shaped mole, typically reddish or pinkish At risk : children + young adults Vs . melanoma due to appearance Splinter hemorrhages Etiology : S. aureus (mostly), S. viridans (anything that can increase IC deposition) Description : linear hemorrhage lesions Location : nail bed 1/6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Etiology : UV exposure over a lifetime Location : lower legs (women), chest/back (men) At risk : Fitzpatrick types I + II, smoking, arsenic exposure, immunosuppression, scars, tanning bed use, HPV infection Appearance : firm, skin to pink colored, infiltrative papule or plaque that is sometimes ulcerated or covered in crust Dermoscopy : focal scale, glomerular vessels, pinpoint hemorrhages, central keratin mass, hairpin vessels Tx : excision, Mohs, radiation or cryo in select cases Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/2 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) / Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) Sx : fever, HA, rhinitis, and myalgias precede mucocutaneous lesions by 1-3 days; eruption initially symmetric and pain is a prominent symptom Appearance : erythematous irregularly shaped, dusky red to purpuric macules with dark center which progressively coalesce; + Nikolsky sign SJS <10% TEN >30% Tx : stop drug, go to a burn unit, IVIG, IV CS Etiology : type IV HS drug reaction Description : circular non-pruritic rash that is darker in the middle and lighter on the border; progresses to blisters and sores which are painful and easily peel Location : usually starts on the upper body before quickly spreading to the face, arms, legs, genitals + mucosal surfaces Strawberry / Infantile Hemangioma Etiology : expresses higher levels of vasculogenic factors than normal tissue (VEGF) Appearance : well-defined bordered erythematous papules or nodules At risk : before 4 weeks of age Location : head + neck Tx : most are self resolving; if it is high risk (airway, liver, GI involvement, periorbital, PHACE syndrome, rapidly growing) then oral propranolol Prog : involution typically begins between 6-12 mo of age Stucco keratoses Appearance : small white-gray SKs Location : dorsal feet/ankles At risk : older light-skin Tx : cryo, curettage, ED, Amlactin Sturge-Weber syndrome Etiology : somatic mosaicism of activating mutation in 1 copy of GNAQ gene Description : port-wine stain in trigeminal nerve territory Sweet Syndrome / Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis Appearance : sudden onset of painful, red or purple, “JUICY”, raised lesions (plaques, papules, or nodules) Sx : fever Ass. conditions : infections, IBD, + hematologic malignancies Tx : pred Description : erythematous, edematous, well-demarcated, tender plaques that are asymmetrically distributed Location : face, neck, + upper extremities Associated with : IBD and AML (20-50%) Histo : lots of neutrophils 1/8 Swimmer’s Itch / Cercarial Dermatitis Etiology : Schistosoma mansoni Description : occurs within hours of exposure after the film of water has dried on the skin itch or a tingling sensation which settles quickly, leaving tiny red spots where skin penetration by the cercariae/larvae Intense itch develops over hours and the red spots can enlarge to form papules and hives Blisters may develop over the next 24 to 48 hours At risk : anyone swimming in waters with infested snails To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Syphilis Etiology: Treponema pallidum pallidum Appearance : primary = chancre (firm, painless, oozes fluid) secondary = maculopapular rash including palms + soles; condylomata lata (smooth, painless, warlike white lesions on genitals) tertiary = gumma Tx : penicillin tertiary syphilis tertiary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis secondary syphilis primary syphilis primary syphilis primary syphilis primary syphilis primary syphilis primary syphilis primary syphilis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Etiology : systemic autoimmune condition Types/Appearance : Acute cutaneous LE : butterfly/malar rash that spares nasolabial folds Subacute cutaneous LE : annular scaly erythematous macules + plaques on head + extremities DLE : pink infiltrative scaly patches + plaques that heal with atrophy, depigmentation, scarring Tx : antimalarials, CS, immunosuppressants, dapsone discoid lupus discoid lupus discoid lupus discoid lupus discoid lupus discoid lupus discoid lupus discoid lupus acute SLE acute SLE acute SLE acute SLE acute SLE acute SLE subacute SLE subacute SLE subacute SLE subacute SLE subacute SLE chronic SLE chronic SLE chronic SLE Systemic Scleroderma (SSc) Etiology : autoimmune condition with noninflammatory vasculopathy and collagen deposition with fibrosis (anti-Scl-70 Ab, anti-RNA polymerase III Ab, anti-centromere Ab) Description : Limited SSc = only involving fingers and face = calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia Diffuse SSc = widespread skin thickening, shiny appearance, feeling of tightness + visceral involvement; sometimes have a “salt and pepper” appearance on darker skin Syringoma Define : benign skin growths that originate from sweat ducts Appearance : small, skin-colored or yellowish bumps Location : clustered around the eyes, but can also occur on neck, chest, abdomen, and genitals Etiology : overgrowth of eccrine sweat glands Description : firm bump that resembles a pimple (papule) on your skin that usually forms in small clusters or groups on your skin Location : face (lower eyelid + upper cheeks) Ass. with : Down syndrome A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

All Posts By: Paige All Posts Science in Skincare Medical School New Products I Have Tried Fun Facts! Search Paige Daly 5 minutes ago 5 min How I Passed COMLEX 1 and Step 1 AND Got Married in the Same Month With careful planning and dedication, balancing medical school, board exams, and personal life is not just possible—it's achievable! Post not marked as liked Paige Daly Feb 7 3 min Unlocking the Science of Skincare: A Medical Student's Journey into Active Ingredients As a medical student, my days are filled with lectures, labs, and countless hours of studying. Amidst the chaos of medical school, I find... Post not marked as liked Paige Daly Dec 12, 2023 2 min The Science Behind Pimple Patches: Uncovering the Secrets to Clear Skin Pimples – the bane of every teenager's existence. Whether you're battling occasional breakouts or dealing with persistent acne, the quest... Post not marked as liked Paige Daly Dec 8, 2023 2 min My Illuminating Discovery with DRMTLGY's Brightening Eye Masks In the ever-evolving world of skincare, one brand recently caught my attention and became part of my self-care routine: DRMTLGY.... Post not marked as liked 1 2 3 4 Paige Daly Welcome to DalyDermatology! 💖 Dive into the world of skincare science with me as we explore the secrets behind that radiant glow. Join me on this journey as a medical student, continually learning and sharing my experiences in dermatology. ✨ follow me @dalyderm