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X

Xanthoma

Etiology: disorders of lipid metabolism (dyslipidemia) or occur in histiocytosis; accumulation of fat in macrophages

Appearance: soft, yellow or skin colored papules or plaques

Location/Types:

  • medial canthus of upper eyelid = xanthelasma

  • over pressure areas (knees, elbows, heels) = tuberous xanthoma

  • extensor surfaces (buttock, shoulders) = eruptive xanthoma

Tx: ​treat underlying dyslipidemia +/- chemical peels, electrodessication, cryo, excision

Tuberous xanthoma
Tuberous xanthoma
Eruptive xanthoma
Eruptive xanthoma
Eruptive xanthoma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma

Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP)

Etiology: mutation in nucleotide excision repair (NER) + UV rays
Inheritance: AR
Appearance: born with normal skin, but with increased sun exposure, patients develop hyperpigmented and hypo pigmented macules
Location: sun exposed skin
Tx: no cure, prevent UV exposure
Prog: premature aging; die earlier from skin cancers

Xerosis Cutis/Dry Skin

Etiology: skin is lacking moisture in stratum corneum
Appearance: rough, scaly plaque
At risk: everyone 60+ yo, AD, hypothyroidism, CKD, weight loss
Tx: moisturizers + emollients 

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