T
Telangiectasia
Etiology:
Cause: UV light exposure, irradiation, trauma, topical glucocorticoids (atrophic skin)
Description: spider veins (capillaries + venules)
Associated with: Scleroderma (CREST)
Telogen effluvium
Etiology:
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Etiology: illness, hospitalizations, preg, meds, surgeries
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Prog: resolves within 6-12 mo
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura
Etiology:
Cause: excessive platelet activation and aggregation potentially due to (AR) genetic or acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 (cleaves vWf)
Description:
Petechiae (small, flat, red spots) – Purpura (red, purple larger spots)
Tinea
Etiology:
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Tinea capitis
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Tx: oral terbinafine/griseofulvin
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Tinea corporis
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Appearance: well-demarcated erythematous annular plaque and peripheral scale
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Pets commonly transmit
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Tinea pedis
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Types: interdigital (MC), moccasin (may present with two feet-one hand syndrome), vesicular, ulcerative (at risk DM or immunocompromised)
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Dx: KOH
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Tx: topical terbinafine or miconazole – apply twice daily for 4-6 weeks
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Tinea Nigra
Etiology:
Cause: Hortaea werneckii
Description: pigmented (gray to black) macules, irregular patches
Location: palms + soles
At risk: laborers in Africa, Asia, Central America, South America
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Etiology:
Cause: S. Aureus (TSST-1 superantigen) from tampons or other foreign substances being in the body for a long time
Description:
1. Fever, diffuse macular red rash (sunburn appearance), low blood pressure
2. Shedding of the skin in large sheets, especially from the palms and soles, is usually seen 1–2 weeks after the onset of illness
Locations: palms and soles
Traction Alopecia
Etiology:
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Location: frontal hairline, sides
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Cause: regularly wearing tight chignon, cornrows, dreadlocks, weaves, braids, hair extensions, and chemical
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relaxers and rollers
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Description: itching, redness, scaling, folliculitis, multiple short broken hairs, hair loss
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Location: front (frontal) and sides of the scalp
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At risk: African American women
Trichostasis Spinulosa
Etiology:
Trichotillosis/Trichotillomania
Etiology:
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Appearance: different lengths of hair in patch; have black dots from short hairs
Trousseau’s Syndrome
Etiology:
Cause: people with occult or recently diagnosed visceral malignant disease (pancreatic cancer)
Description: Lesions appear as inflamed, reddened lines or lumps in the fat under the skin
Location: trunk or extremities
Tuberous Sclerosis
Etiology:
Cause: AD mutation in TSC1 (hamartin), TSC2 (tuberin)
Description: hypomelanotic macules / ash-leaf spots + angiofibroma (small bumps especially around nose + cheeks)