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P Paget disease Etiology : DCIS Description : erythematous, pruritic, ulcerated skin at the nipple and breast Palmoplantar Verruca Appearance : thick, endophytic papules Papillary Hidradenoma / Hidradenoma Papilliferum Etiology : unknown cause; thought to arise from anogenital mammary-like glands Description : slow-growing painless, firm, flesh to red nodule Location : labia majora + interlabial folds Papillon-Lefure Syndrome Appearance : hyperhidrosis + periodontitis with severe gingivitis Inheritance : AR Peau d’orange Etiology : blockage of lymphatic drainage with or without associated stromal infiltration; inflammatory breast cancer Description : thick and pitted, with a texture and appearance similar to that of orange peel Pemphigoid Gestationis / Herpes Gestationis Etiology : IgG autoantibodies that target BP180 Appearance : erythematous papules or plaque around the umbilicus + then spreads to most areas of body, but sparing face + mucous membranes; 2-4 weeks later large, tense bullae form Sx : intensely itchy Tx : high potency topical CS, but many end up requiring oral CS Risk to fetus = prematurity Pemphigus Foliaceus Etiology : IgG autoantibodies to desmoglein 1 At risk : Tunisia Appearance : flaccid, superficial bullae that rupture easily Location : seb derm distribution (NO oral lesions) Tx : systemic CS Pemphigus Vegetans Locations : Intertriginous Pemphigus Vulgaris Etiology : IgG autoantibodies to desmoglein-1 and/or desmoglein-3; can be triggered by meds (#1 captopril + penicillamine) Location : mucosal membrane + skin Appearance : flaccid bullae that easily rupture (+ Nikolsky sign; + Asboe-Hansen sign) Sx : extremely painful At risk : middle aged to young adults ; Ashkenazi Jews Tx : systemic CS Periorificial Dermatitis Tx : taper steroids, oral tetracycline, topical metronidazole, erythromycin, tacrolimus Petechiae Description : Tiny 1-2 mm, initially purpuric, non-blanchable macules resulting from tiny hemorrhages Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) Etiology : mutations in serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) Inheritance : AD Description : Tan, dark brown, or bluish black flat patches 1 to 5 mm in size Location : around the mouth, lips, gums, inner lining of the mouth, eyes, hands and feet, fingers and toes, anus and genital areas Associated with : GI polyps Piebaldism Define : rare, inherited genetic disorder characterized by patches of skin and hair that lack pigment Etiology : mutation inactivating c-KIT gene Inheritance: AD Description : white forelock with white patches of skin Location : face (chin), trunk, + distal extremities Pigmentary Demarcation Line Define : abrupt transition between areas of darker and lighter pigmentation At risk : darker skin tones Pigmented DFSP (Bednar tumor) At risk : African American Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis (PPD) Appearance : reddish-brown patches and spots Etiology : results from capillary inflammation and leakage of red blood cells, leading to hemosiderin deposits Location : lower legs Tx : topical corticosteroids, compression stockings Pilar Cyst / Trichilemmal Cyst Etiology : keratin-filled cyst that originates from the outer hair root sheath; typically running in families (AD) Description : one or more firm, mobile, subcutaneous nodules measuring 0.5 to 5 cm in diameter and without a central punctum Location : typically scalp Pilomatricoma Define : benign (non-cancerous) skin tumor that arises from hair follicle cells Appearance : small, hard, and slow-growing lump teeter toter sign Location : head or neck Histo : ghost cells Pityriasis Alba Etiology : unknown; coexists with dry skin and atopic dermatitis Description : hypopigmented patches that are round or irregular in shape and up to 5 cm in diameter Locations : typically appear on face, especially cheeks and chin Pityriasis Lichenoids Et Varioliformis (PLEVA) Etiology: Pityriasis Rosea Etiology : not clear; some suggest HHV-6 or 7 At risk : older children + young adults Appearance: begins with a single "herald patch" or "mother patch" which is a salmon colored oval plaque, usually on neck, back or chest. Patch becomes scaly and develops central clearing, forming "collarettes of scale." Then numerous similar but smaller patches. appear on trunk + extremities following skin tension lines (Christmas tree distribution). Tx : only topical CS to relieve pruritus Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor Etiology : Malassezia furfur or Malassezia globosa Appearance : hyper or hypo pigmented or salmon colored scaly patches Location : sebum rich areas Tx : selenium sulfide, ketoconazole shampoo, topical or oral azoles Pitysporum Folliculitis Dermatoscope : spores grouped together in hair follicle POEMS Syndrome Description : hyperpigmentation, hemangiomas, hypertrichosis, and scleroderma-like skin thickening Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) Etiology : Medium vessel vasculitis Description : lace like rash (livedo reticularis) + ischemic digits Associated with : HBV, acute mesenteric ischemia Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy (PEP) / Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy (PUPPP) Sx : onset of late 3rd trimester Location : starts within abdominal striae with periumbilical sparing RF : primigravid preg, multiple gestation preg Does not affect development Tx : topical steroids, non-sedating oral antihistamines, oral pred Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE) Appearance : erythematous papules, vesicles, plaque on sun exposed skin only Tx : antihistamines (Zyrtec and Benadryl), steroid injection in office Etiology : stretching of the skin elicits an immune response due to connective tissue damage Description : itchy, bumpy rash that starts in the stretch marks of the abdomen Poroma Etiology: Location: plantar surface Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Etiology : mutation in UROD gene = affecting uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase = accumulates uroporphyrin Inheritance : AD Description : blistering cutaneous photosensitivity and pigmentation Port-wine stain / Nevus flammeus Etiology : vascular malformation of capillaries and post capillary venules in dermis Appearance : pink, red, or violaceous sharply demarcated patches that darken + thicken overtime Location : face, unilateral Tx : PDL Prog : persist throughout life + grow proportionally with child Pretibial myxedema / thyroid dermopathy Etiology : dermal fibroblasts Description : plaques of thick, scaly skin and swelling Location : lower legs Associated with : Graves disease (hyperthyroidism); if not at pretibial region = related to hypothyroidism Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) Etiology : t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation resulting in a fusion gene product of receptor tyrosine kinase ALK with nucleophosmin Description : rapidly-growing single nodule or plaque that typically is red to violaceous, at least 2 cm in diameter, and often ulcerates Location : upper half of the body is most commonly involved At risk : 50+ yo males Proteus syndrome Etiology : mosaic non inherited mutation in AKT1 gene Appearance : port wine stains Location : limbs, digit, skull Prog : at risk for developing DVTs, PEs Prurigo Nodularis Sx : intensely itchy, firm nodules; can be extremely uncomfortable, impacting sleep and potentially leading to anxiety and depression Tx : JAK-I, ILK Pseudofolliculitis Barbae / Razor Bumps Etiology : shaving, which lead to ingrown hair Description : firm, hyperpigmented papules and pustules that are painful and pruritic Location : face + neck At risk : African American males Psoriasis Appearance : well demarcated pink erythematous plaque with silver scale Nail changes : pitting, onycholysis, subungal hyperkeratosis, oil drop sign (yellow-orange discoloration) Tx : localized: high potency steroid +/- topical vitamin D other options: tazarotene, calcineurin inhibitors, Taltz, Otezla (apremilast), Skyrizi, Tremfya Etiology : T cells triggered (stress, skin injury, infection, cold, dry weather, tobacco) to attack skin cells Description : dry, raised skin patches (plaques) covered with gray or silver scales Location : hairline, elbows, knees (extensor surfaces) Purpura Description : 4 - 10 mm in diameter, flat, and red, purple in color Pustular Psoriasis Sx : presents in 3rd trimester Appearance : symmetric erythematous plaques with pustules that start in flexural areas and spread centrifugally Location : trunk and extremities Ass sx : fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting, anorexia Tx : CCS, low dose cyclosporine, infliximab Prog : increased risk to fetus Etiology : triggers from infections, stress, corticosteroid treatment withdrawal, and pregnancy Description : pus-filled blisters on plaques, which are patches of scaly, flaky skin Pyoderma Gangrenosum Description : painful, symmetrical necrotic base that progresses over 1 month Location : legs Associated with : IBD Pyogenic granuloma / Capillary lobular hemangioma Etiology : mutation in BRAF plays a key role; medications (retinoids, TK inhibitors), trauma, laser therapy At risk : 20-30 yo Appearance : small red papule that grows over several weeks into a nodule Location : hands, lower lip, gingiva Tx : full thickness excision or shave excision for pedunculated lesions A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

M Macrocystic lymphangioma Description : cysts more than 2 cm Mal de Meleda Appearance : glove + stocking malodorous keratoderma, more erythematous Inheritance : AR Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/1 Male Pattern Hair Loss Etiology: increased sensitivity of androgen receptors in hair follicles to DHT Location : frontal hairline, crown Tx : topical minoxidil, oral finasteride or dutasteride Marjolin Ulcer Etiology : rare development of cutaneous SCC in the site of a scar or ulcer; most commonly forms at the site of an old thermal burn scar Description : non-healing sore that steadily increases in size, has excessive granulation tissue, foul-smelling pus, and bleed easily on contact Mastocytosis Etiology : Gain of function mutation in KIT gene = growth of mast cells = more histamine release Description : small reddish-brown spots or bumps (urticaria pigmentosa) Darier sign maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis Two poorly demarcated hyperpigmented papules on the left upper chest with a single papule on the right clavicular region. A well-demarcated hyperpigmented curvilinear plaque on the left distal forearm. A solitary mastocytoma on an infant's chest Juvenile mastocytosis: red-brown macular lesions on the trunk. They are likely to resolve over the next few years Red-brown monomorphic maculopapules in adult-onset urticaria pigmentosa A positive Darier sign - rubbing an area of mastocytosis has resulted in redness, swelling, and urtication in 5 minutes Yellow-brown pigmented macules in juvenile mastocytosis Juvenile mastocytosis: red-brown macular lesions on the neck. They are likely to resolve over the next few years Mastocytosis in a baby - red-brown patches are characteristic. The left lower back lesion has urticated after rubbing - a positive Darier sign Melanoma Etiology : BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT, GNAQ, GNA11, CDKN2A, MC1R mutations; UV light exposure Appearance : irregularly pigmented, asymmetrical macules or papules (ABCDE) Types : superficial spreading nodular lentigo maligna acral lentiginous Dermoscopy : blue/white veil, dark globules, peripheral globules, negative pigment network, pseudopods, radial streaming Tx : wide local excision Screening post dx: q3 mo for 1st yr q6 mo <5 yrs q1 yr >5 yrs Small, but irregular, blue and black pigmented lesion Irregular border, asymmetrical lesion on dark skin Classic blue-black color. Melanoma of the nail (discoloration of nailbed) Round, bleeding melanoma that has a small "satellite" tumor underneath it. Acral lentiginous malignant melanoma - irregular edge, with variable pigmentation, asymmetry and areas of regression on the heel Nodular malignant melanoma in a vertical growth phase - rapidly enlarging scaly pigmented nodule Amelanotic melanoma arising within pigmented melanoma Irregular pigmented longitudinal bands in melanoma of the nail unit Multiple blue nodules of cutaneous metastatic malignant melanoma Amelanotic subungal melanoma - a red lesion arising from the nail fold that has produced destruction of the nail plate Superficial spreading malignant melanoma - irregular border, variable pigmentation, and areas of clinical regression A superficial malignant melanoma - irregular and notched margin, variable and irregular pigmentation in an itchy and enlarging pigmented lesion Merkel Cell Carcinoma Etiology : ultraviolet light exposure Description : pearly pimple-like lump, sometimes skin-colored, red, purple or bluish-red, though they are rarely tender to the touch At risk : older, fair skin, male gender, immunosuppressed Milaria Rubra / Heat Rash Appearance : small, erythematous blister-like papules Etiology : sweat ducts become blocked, trapping sweat under skin, leading to inflammation At risk : hot, humid environments Location : skin folds, neck, chest, back Milia Appearance : 1-2 mm white to yellow subepidermal papules Location : cheeks, eyelids, forehead, genitalia Tx : nick surface + express; tretinoin Cause : small cyst containing keratin Description : tiny pearly-white bumps just under the surface of the skin Locations : face, especially eyelids + cheeks single milium common on cheeks Eruptive milia Milia en plaque Childhood milia Milia en plaque Following injury Following bullous pemphigoid Following bullous pemphigoid Neonatal milia Molluscum contagiosum Etiology: poxvirus Appearance : flesh colored dome-shaped papules +/- umbilication Location : anywhere, but palms + soles are typically spared Transmission : skin to skin + skin to fomite Tx : self limited or if tx is wanted (cryo, cantharidin, podophyllotoxin cream) BOTE sign = "Beginning Of The End" = indicates lesion is resolving due to the body's immune response; characterized by redness, tenderness + crusting Mpox / Monkeypox Etiology : Orthopoxvirus Description : 1. first 5 days of the infection, patients experience 'flu-like' symptoms 2. rash similar to that seen in chickenpox develops 3. maculopapules,evolve into vesicles, pseudpustules, crusting over, andn atrophic scars and lasts for around 10 days Location : Lesions predominate on the face but may develop on the palms, soles, and dorsal hands and feet At risk : MSM, endemic to Africa Mycosis Fungoides Etiology : unknown; triggers proliferation of cerebriform T cells Description : Patch stage = flat erythematous scaling with well-defined borders in non-sun-exposed areas or hypopigmented lesions on darker skinned individuals Plaque stage = pruritic raised borders with irregular contours and reddish-brown in color Tumor stage = exophytic violaceous lesion Patch stage MY PUBLICATION :) Plaque stage Patch stage Patch stage Patch stage Plaque stage Plaque stage Plaque stage Patch & Plaque stage Tumour stage Tumour stage Tumour stage Myofibroma Histo : hypocellular pink blue nodules with dilated branching staghorn vessels and cellular areas At risk : babies/kids Types : Single – MC, skin/SQ nodule Muliptle Generalized 1/4 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

L Lamellar Ichthyosis Define : rare, inherited skin disorder characterized by the abnormal formation and shedding of skin cells, leading to thick, scale-like patches on the skin's surface Appearance : born with a tight, shiny, and waxy collodion membrane, which peels off within the first few weeks, revealing large, dark, plate-like scales on the skin (fish-like scales) Locations : legs + skin folds (neck + armpits) Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Histo : lots of edema, eos (Reniform, kidney bean shaped grooved nuclei) Stains : S100+, CD1a+, Langerin+ (forms birbeck granules) Linear IgA Bullous Dermatitis (LABD) Tx : Dapsone Lentigo Etiology : sun exposure and aging Description : Irregular-shaped tan or brown patches on the skin, usually with well-defined edges; surface can be either smooth or rough Lentigo Maligna Define : type of melanoma in situ characterized by slow-growing, flat, discolored patches of skin Location : face, neck, and arms Appearance : irregular patches that can be brown, dark brown, pink, red, white, or blue At risk : 70+ yo Tx : MOHs Lentigo Simplex Appearance : flat, brown or black spots Tx : cryotherapy, lasers, chemical peels, and topical retinoids and hydroquinone Leprosy / Hansen Disease Etiology : Mycobacterium leprae complex Types/Appearance: Paucibacillary/Tuberculoid Hansen disease = < 5 lesions = hypo or hyperpigmented macules with loss of sensation Multibacillary/Lepromatous Hansen disease = 6+ lesions = diffuse, symmetrical, infiltrative skin papules + plaques with dermal thickening; not always loss of sensation At risk : immigrants, exposure to armadillos Tx : PB = dapsone + rifampin for 12 mo; MB = dapsone + rifampin + clofazimine for 24 mo Leser-Trélat sign Description : explosive onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses (pigmented skin lesions), often with an inflammatory base Associated with : gastric adenocarcinoma Letterer-Siwe Disease Etiology : unknown cause, but the number of Langerhans cells in the skin and other organs are triggered to increase (type of Langerhans cell histiocytosis); BRAF V600E mutation associated Description : small pinkish papules or blisters that may be crusted or infected (appears like seborrheic dermatitis) At risk : <2 yo Location : scalp, neck, armpits, groin, and trunk Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis / hypersensitivity vasculitis / hypersensitivity angiitis Etiology : allergic reaction to drugs, Streptococcal URTI, infection from HBV, HCV, S. aureus, mycobacterium , and autoimmune disorders (RA, SS, SLE, HSP) Description : grouped rash on legs that include pustules, nodules, and mottling Leukonychia Etiology : trauma, chemotherapy, arsenic poisoning, hypoalbuminemia (Muehrcke lines), systemic disease (Terry nails) Description : partial or full opacification of the nail plate Lichen Planus Description : pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques Locations : typically, wrists and ankles Associated with : HCV Lichen Sclerosus Etiology : progressive inflammatory disease Description : parchment-like atrophic area that is thinner and more white Associated with : SCC Lichen Simplex Chronicus / Neurodermatitis Etiology : hyperplasia of vulvar squamous epithelium Description : leathery, thick vulvar skin that is itchy Lichen Spinulosus Etiology: Lichenoid keratosis (BLK) Appearance : single, small, pink or reddish papule or plaque; can appear as a wart-like growth or a scaly, dry patch; shiny at first, take an alcohol wipe, will be dull appearance afterwards Vs . BCC will still be shiny afterwards Locations: trunk and upper extremities Tx : cryo, EDC Cause : unknown cause, but triggers include minor trauma such as friction, drugs, dermatitis, and sun exposure Description : single small gray-brown or inflamed plaque or papule Location : chest + upper extremities Lichtenberg Figures Etiology : Lightning strike injury Description : transient pink-red fractal pattern marks on the skin Lipodermatosclerosis bottle necking Lipomas painless Vs . angiolipomas are painful Livedo Reticularis Etiology : many causes, including cold exposure and chronic medical conditions (SLE, Cold AIHA, etc.) Description : bluish-red, lace-like pattern Localized Scleroderma (morphea) Etiology : unknown Description : 1. active stage = inflammatory erythematous plaque 2. sclerosis stage = yellow-ivory lesion 3. atrophy = cigarette-like paper Associated with : other autoimmune conditions Lupus Miliaris Disseminated Faciei Histo : small pea like palisading granuloma with central casseous necrosis Lupus pernio Etiology : Sarcoidosis Description : blue red to violet smooth shiny nodules + plaques Location : head + neck, especially nose, ears, lips, cheeks At risk : African American females Lyme Disease / Erythema Migrans Etiology : Borrelia burgdorferi (via Ixodes deer tick) Description : bull’s eye configuration that typicaly appears 7–14 days (range 3–33 days) after the infected tick bite At risk : living in the northeast Lymphangioma circumscriptum Description : small, firm, translucent vesicles Location : axillary folds, shoulders, neck, proximal limbs + buccal mucosa Lymphangitis Etiology : acute streptococcal infection of the skin Description : Tender red streaks often radiate from the wound toward the nearest lymph glands Lymphogranuloma venereum Etiology : C. trachomatis (L1-L3) Description : infection of lymphatics presenting with painless genital ulcers and painful inguinal lymphadenopathy Associated with : penile SCC A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

K Kaposi Sarcoma Etiology : HHV-8 Types : Classic : often affects middle aged men of Mediterranean or Eastern European descent Endemic : occurs in sub-Saharan Africans Iatrogenic : due to immunosuppressive drugs (esp. kidney transplants) AIDS-associated : most common Appearance : red, purple, or brown patches or nodules Location : lower extremities (esp. classic type), when disseminates it spreads to mouth, lungs, liver, other organs Kawasaki Disease Etiology : Medium-vessel vasculitis Description : polymorphous / morbilliform (measles like) / targetoid skin lesions -> desquamating rash (peeling of extremities) Location : trunk and extremities Keloid Etiology : dysregulation of the normal healing process resulting in excessive production of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and extracellular matrix proteins Description : Purplish-red, firm, smooth, and raised; can occur years after injury and grows beyond the initiating wound area Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/2 Keratoacanthoma (KA) Etiology : form of SCC (UV exposure) Appearance : flesh-colored or pink dome-shaped nodule with central keratin plug Location : face, neck, dorsal of upper extremities Tx : excision Keratoderma Blennorrhagica Associated with : reactive arthritis (Chlamydia) Description : painless desquamative psoriatic-like papulosquamous eruption Location : commonly found on the palms + soles but may spread to the scrotum, scalp, + trunk To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Keratoelastoidosis Marginalis Etiology: 1/4 Keratosis Pilaris (KP) Etiology : abnormal keratinization of the upper portion lining of the hair follicle Description : ‘goosebump’ or ‘chicken skin’ appearance Location : most common on posterior arms Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/2 Keratosis spinulosa Etiology: 1/6 Kindler Syndrome Etiology: AR mutation of KIND-I Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

J Janeway lesions Etiology : S. aureus (mostly), S. viridans (anything that can increase IC deposition) Description : painless, flat erythematous macules Locations : palms and soles Prog : spontaneously heal without scarring Tx : abx if bacterial endocarditis Jaundice Etiology : high levels of bilirubin (numerous causes) Description : yellowing of tissues Juvenile Spring Eruption Define : type of PMLE At risk : boys + young adult men during early spring Appearance : small, red, and sometimes itchy papules and vesicles 8-24 hours after exposure to sunlight, especially in cold weather Location : helix of ears Sx : itchy , lymphadenopathy Prog : heals in 2 weeks Tx : potent topical steroids (clobetasol), emollients, and antihistamines A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

I Ichthyosis vulgaris Etiology : loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the protein filaggrin Description : Dry scaly skin; most often it appears after about 2 months Location : extensor side of extremities, scalp, central face, and trunk Immunoglobulin A vasculitis / Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Etiology : Small vessel vasculitis Description : palpable purpura Location : buttocks + legs Bullous HSP Classic Purpura Classical purpura Ankle swelling (arthritis) Henoch-Schönlein purpura Henoch-Schönlein purpura Close-up of purpuric rash with vesicle (blister) formation Henoch-Schönlein purpura Impetigo Etiology: S. aureus > S. pyogenes Appearance : thin-walled vesiculopustules that quickly rupture; exudate with honey color and dried crust At risk : 2-5 yo, contact sports, broken skin, humid weather Location : face > extremities Tx : bacitracin, mupirocin Incontinentia pigmenti Etiology : X-linked dominant disorder Description : 4 stages of lesions: vesicular (red, blister-like lesions), verrucal (wart-like lesions), hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation in a marble like pattern Infantile Acne Etiology: 1/5 Intradermal Nevus Etiology : acquired nevus where melanocytes are found in the dermal layer of skin Description : raised, dome shaped papules less than 10mm in diameter Intertrigo Appearance : satellite macules, papules or pustules around the erythema in the fold Sx : burns more than itches Location : inframammary fold, gluteal cleft, inguinal creases, folds under pannus Tx : clotrimazole cream 1/12 Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) Etiology : physical and chemical irritants (wood, dust, soaps) Description : burning and painful sensation with red patches To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

E Ecthyma Etiology : deep erosion of impetigo into the dermis via S. aureus + S. pyogenes Appearance : begins as a vesicle or pustule on inflamed skin, then develops a hard crust covering the blister; if crust is removed, lesion will reveal an ulcer that is erythematous, edematous, and oozing pus Location : buttocks, thighs, legs, ankle, feet At risk : immunocompromised, warmer climates Tx : topical antibiotics (fusidic acid, mupirocin) oral abx (dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin are go-to's) Ecthyma Gangrenosum Etiology : P. aeruginosa Appearance : painless, annular, erythematous patches that rapidly become pustular hemorrhagic focus appears in the center + forms a blister that spreads peripherally gangrenous ulceration develops with a black/gray scab surrounded by a red halo At risk : immunocompromised, critically ill Tx : piperacillin, FQ, aminoglycosides Eczema Herpeticum Etiology : HSV 1 or 2 infection Appearance : clusters of erythematous based vesicles that spread over 7–10 days + may rarely be widely disseminate Sx : fever, and itchy vesicles At risk : infants + children with atopic dermatitis Location : face + neck Tx : oral acyclovir To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Enteric fever / Typhoid fever Etiology : Salmonella typhi Appearance : "rose spots" - grouped 5-15 pink blanching papules Ass. sx : abd pain, diarrhea, constipation, N/V, fever At risk : developing countries with poor hygiene Location : anterior trunk Tx : abx (ceftriaxone + azithromycin) Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst (EIC) Etiology : occluded pilosebaceous unit Appearance : mobile dermal nodule with overlying punctum At risk : adults, men, acromegaly Location : central trunk and face Tx : excision with an intact capsule Epidermolysis Bullosa Etiology: gene mutation (KRT5, KRT14, LAMA3, LAMB3, COL7A1) that makes the skin more fragile Inheritance : AD or AR (multiple subtypes) Appearance : blisters which burst easily and leave slow-healing wounds Location : sites of friction and minor trauma (hands + feet) Types : - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex - Junctional epidermolysis bullosa - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa - Kindler syndrome Tx : gene therapy + cell based therapy; treat symptoms (protect skin, stop blisters, promote healing, prevent complications) To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Erysipelas Etiology: S. pyogenes that infects the upper dermis Location : lower extremities > face Sx : systemic symptoms before onset of well demarcated erythematous plaque with burning, tenderness, and itching Ass. sx : fevers, chills, shivering At risk : immunocompromised, DM, very young + very old Tx : oral penicillin Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/1 Erythema Induratum of Bazin Etiology: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Appearance: erythematous to violaceous nodules or plaques that can ulcerate and scar Sx : tender, painful Location : posterior lower leg At risk : young to middle-aged women Tx : slow resolution over months; compression therapy, leg elevation, and NSAIDs 1/3 Erythema Infectiosum / Fifth Disease / Slapped Cheek Rash Etiology : Parvovirus B19 Appearance : classic malar rash beginning 2-5 days after onset of other sx; few days later a lacy race appears on trunk + extremities Other sx : HA, mild fever Transmission : respiratory secretions At risk : children + daycare workers Tx : self limited Preventative : Affected children may remain at school, as the infectious stage or viremia occurs before the rash is evident Erythema Marginatum Etiology: S. pyogenes (acute rheumatic fever) Appearance : evanescent pink well demarcated, serpiginous macules that clear centrally Other sx : fever, abd pain, muscle aches At risk : 5-15 yo, developing countries Location : trunk, upper arms and legs Tx : oral penicillin Erythema Multiforme Etiology : HSV (MC), TB, mycoplasma pneumonia, other chemicals or medications Appearance : targetoid lesion - central dusky purpura with an elevated edematous pale ring ; typically occurring 1-2 weeks after infection Location : extremities and spreads centripetally Sx : painful At risk : 20-40 yo, males, genetic predisposition for HLA-DQB1* 0301 allele Tx : self limited; topical CS can relieve symptoms Erythema Nodosum Etiology : delayed type IV HS reaction that can be triggered by infection, drugs, inflammatory disease, Hodgkin lymphoma, sarcoidosis, pregnancy Appearance : erythematous, immobile nodules Sx : tender nodules, fever, joint pain, edematous ankles Location : anterior lower legs At risk : women, 25-40 yo Tx : self limited, treat underlying condition, bedrest, leg elevation , compression stockings Prog : resolve within a month Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum (ETN) Description : erythematous macules, papules, and pustules that can erupt over several days and it is unusual for an individual lesion to persist for more than a day; appears in the first 4 days of life Histo : predominantly eos Location : starts on face, spreads to trunk and limbs; spares palms + soles At risk : newborns Tx : reassurance Erythrasma Etiology : Corynebacterium minutissimum Appearance : well defined pink to brown patches with fine scale and superficial fissures Location : folds under arms, groin (males), between toes (females) At risk : humid environment, sweating, obesity, poor hygiene Tx : fusidic cream, clindamycin solution, benzoyl peroxide, Whitfield ointment To play, press and hold the enter key. 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Erythroderma Etiology : drugs, AD, psoriasis, PRP, GVHD, internal malignancies, CTCL Appearance : generalized erythema with scales covering >80% of BSA Sx : fevers, chills, pruritus, peripheral edema At risk : males Tx : discontinue all unnecessary meds, monitor fluid balance and body temp, keep skin moisturized, treat underlying cause Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/3 Exanthematous Drug Eruption Appearance: erythematous macules and papules Location : first appear on trunk and spread centrifugally to extremities in symmetric fashion Timing : 7-10 days after drug initiation or 24-48 hours after repeat drug initiation Sx : fever, pruritus Tx : topical steroids, oral antihistamines Prog : resolves in a few days to a week after med stopped Extramammary Paget Disease Etiology: intraepithelial adenocarcinoma Appearance : asymmetrical, erythematous to pink plaque with ulcer and overlying crust Sx : pruritus, burning, pain Location : vulva (females), perianal (men) At risk : 50+ yo, Caucasians Tx : wide local excision and MOHs 1/4 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Welcome Welcome Welcome Welcome Welcome to DalyDermatology! 💖 Join me on my journey as a medical student exploring the science behind healthy, radiant skin—and working to make dermatology more inclusive for everyone. Inspired by the lack of diverse skin images in medical education, I created Daly’s Diverse Dermatology Dictionary: a free resource showing how skin conditions appear across all skin tones. My passion is to bridge gaps in knowledge, encourage equity, and help our medical community better serve every patient. Thanks for being here—let’s learn and grow together! ✨ Check out my most recent blogs! Let Me Catch You Up 🤍 The past few months have been full: audition rotations, applications, interviews, and quiet growth behind the scenes. In this post, I’m catching you up on the reality of dermatology and TY interview season, what this stretch has taught me, and why sometimes the quiet seasons are the ones building the strongest foundation. Step 2 CK Exam Day: What I Wear, What I Pack, and How I Stay Focused Wondering what to wear, pack, and do on Step 2 CK exam day? I break down my morning routine, must-have snacks, bag essentials, and in-exam strategies for staying sharp and confident. Get my real-life tips for managing nerves and maximizing performance on test day! Derm Dream Bag: My Dermatology Audition Rotation Essentials Discover the ultimate dermatology audition bag essentials! From pink Vaseline and L’Oréal lip gloss to study guides, sunscreen, meds, and snacks—this tote is packed for a busy med student’s clinic day. Stay prepped, polished, and confident with these must-haves in your Poppy & Peonies tote. Bridging the Gap: Daly's Diverse Dermatology Dictionary After realizing most dermatology images in my training only showed conditions on white skin, I began collecting and organizing photos of skin diseases across all skin tones. This project grew into Daly’s Diverse Dermatology Dictionary—a free, ever-expanding resource designed to fill this gap and help students, clinicians, and educators recognize skin diseases on every patient. My goal is to make dermatology education more inclusive, accurate, and truly reflective of the diversity in our world, so we can provide better, more equitable care for all. Click Here Follow me on Instagram @dalyderm Load more

Q No conditions to list. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

F Female Pattern Hair Loss Etiology: hereditary Appearance : widening of hair part; thinning, no shining of scalp Location : mid-frontal scalp Tx : topical minoxidil, oral spironolactone Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy Etiology: benign tumor of the subcutis and lower dermis Histo: "ramen" waves - grey/blue ball cells = immature mesenchyme - mature fat that is honeycomb like At risk : < 2 yo Tx : excision Fixed Drug Eruption Etiology: drugs (antimicrobials and NSAIDs are most common); delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction Appearance: - Early lesions: sharply demarcated erythematous macules - Late lesions: round or oval plaques that may evolve to become bullae and then erosions (occur 30 - 8 hours after ingesting drug) Location: mouth, genitalia, face, hands, feet Prog: resolve days to weeks after drug is discontinued; PIH may persist Tx : discontinue suspected medication, topical or systemic CS Folliculitis Decalvans Etiology: considered to be the result of an abnormal immune response to S. aureus , although this is not yet proven Appearance: erythematous, swollen, and scaly patches and plaque with crust and pustules (like CCCA, but smaller and with pustules) Sx: itching, pain, and burning sensation Tx: clindamycin, CCS (topical + oral or injected) Focal Dermal Hypoplasia / Goltz Syndrome Etiology: rare genetic disorder affecting tissues derived from ectoderm and mesoderm Inheritance : XLD Location : mouth, genitals, anus Ass. conditions : coloboma, missing or webbed fingers, hypoplastic teeth, low set ears, cleft lip or palate, bladder exstrophy, kidney abnormalities, CHD, vision and hearing impairment Appearance : thin or absent skin areas, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, and fat herniation; following Blaschko's lines; wart-like growth Tx : vascular lasers for cutaneous papillomas and telangectatic areas Frey's Syndrome Etiology: postoperative complication involving parasympathetic fibers regenerating on sympathetic fibers of sweat glands (auriculotemporal branch of V3 is cut during an excision of the parotid gland and reinnervates the skin sweat glands in front of the ear) Appearance : redness + sweating Location : preauricular Triggers : post-eating, thinking or dreaming about food Tx : symptom control, botox, aluminum antiperspirant, oral or topical glycopyrrolate 1/2 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Y No conditions to list. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

D Darier Disease / Keratosis Follicularis Etiology: mutation of ATP2A2 gene Inheritance : AD Appearance : scaly crusted papules and greasy plaque; alternating red + white nail beds with V-shaped nicking Location : seborrheic dermatitis distribution (oily areas of the body like chest, back, scalp margins, forehead, nasolabial folds, eyebrows, beard) and skin folds At risk : adolescents Tx : moisturizers, topical retinoids, sun protection Dermatitis Herpetiformis Etiology: cross-reactivity between anti-gliadin IgA antibodies + transglutaminase at the dermal basement membrane Appearance : papulovesicles or excoriated papules on erythematous base Location : elbows, dorsal forearms, knees, scalp, buttocks Sx : intense itching At risk : pts with Celiac Disease, Irish or Swedish patients Associated with : maltomas Tx : gluten free diet, dapsone Dermatofibroma Etiology : trauma (mosquito bite, shaving nick) Appearance : tan to pink, firm, hyperpigmented dome-shaped papules with peripheral rim of darkening pigment Location : extremities Prog : once you get one, you're at risk of getting more Dermoscopy : peripheral fine network, central white or pink scar-like area, ring-like globules, dotted vessels At risk : adults Test : "dimple or pinch" sign Tx : reassurance Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Etiology : rare type of skin cancer characterized by its slow-growing, locally aggressive nature; unknown cause, but an injury is a predisposing factor Appearance : skin colored, pink or brown irregular border multi nodular fungating mass Histo : storiform spindle cells very deep with fat getting trapped in it Sx : painless plaque +/- nodules that feels rubbery or firm to touch At risk : adults between 20- 60 yo Location : trunk Tx : MOHs favored over wide excision; imatinib if t17;22 To play, press and hold the enter key. 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Dermatographia Etiology : skin trauma may release an antigen that reacts with the membrane bound IgE on mast cells triggering histamine release Appearance : linear wheals + a surrounding erythematous flare which appears 1-3 minutes after stroking + resolves in 30-60 minutes At risk : young adults Tx : loose fitting clothes, avoid triggers, antihistamines, phototherapy, omalizumab 1/7 Dermatomyositis Etiology : unknown; classic model considers DM to be the result of a humoral attack against the endothelium of muscle capillaries + small arterioles; risk factors include underlying malignancy + family hx of autoimmune disease At risk : 30-50 yo, females Sx : rash appears weeks to months before proximal muscle weakness Locations : extensor surfaces of MCP + IP = Gottron papules upper eyelids = Heliotrope malar-like rash chest = V neck sign = Poikiloderma upper back = Shawl sign lateral thigh = Holster sign Ass. conditions : adenocarcinomas Tx : systemic CS Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link Go to link 1/3 Dermatophytosis / Tinea / Ringworm Etiology: Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum Appearance : annular erythematous plaque with central clearing and raised scaly edge Sx : itchiness Locations : tinea barbae = beard tine a c apitis = head tinea corporas = body tinea cruris = groin tinia unguium = nails tine a pedis = foot At risk : hot humid climates Tx : topical antifungals (imidazole, terbinafine) unless if it is on head or nails (oral instead: itraconazole, itraconazole) Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra Etiology : activating mutation in FGFR3 Appearance : 1-5 mm in diameter, hyperpigmented brown-black sessile to filiform, smooth surfaced papules Location : cheeks, temples At risk : Fitzpatrick types 4/5/6, females Tx : EDC (for darker skin), cryo (for lighter skin), Nd:YAG laser 1/10 Diffuse Palmoplantar Keratoderma (DPK) Etiology: genetic abnormality Inheritance : AR or AD Appearance : hyperkeratosis with white/yellow hue Sx : hyperhidrosis Location : symmetric palmar + plantar surfaces Tx : emollients, keratolytic agents ( salicylic acid, propylene glycol), topical retinoids, oral retinoids (acitretin), topical vitamin D (calcipotriol) Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis (DSAP) Etiology: mutation in: MVD, MVK, FDPS, PMVK or SART3 genes; results in decreased cholesterol in the affected areas of the skin Inheritance : AD At risk : European, females Locations : arms, legs Appearance : irregular annular plaque with elevated horny rim Prog : <10% turn into SCC Tx : compounded off-label topical 2% lovastatin +/- topical cholesterol, sun protection education Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Etiology: delayed type IV HS reaction to certain medication ( anti epileptics , allopurinol, sulfonamides, minocycline, HIV meds) Appearance : facial edema, diffuse erythematous macules + plaques that typically occur in 3rd week after starting a med or increasing dose Ass. sx : high fever, lymphadenopathy, hematological abnormalities, hepatitis, nephritis, carditis, other organ involvement, facial swelling Location : first involves face, upper trunk, UE, and then spreads to LE Tx : stop all suspect medications, systemic CCS, cyclosporin, IVIG Dyshidrotic Eczema Etiology : unknown Location: palms, fingers, soles of feet Sx : extremely itchy chronic, recurrent Appearance : recurrent fluid-filled vesicles that resolve after several weeks with scaling Tx : clobetasol + tacrolimus; severe = Dupixent Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC) Etiology : 14 different genes (DKC1 gene mutations on X chromosome); causing telomere shortening = premature aging Inheritance : AD or AR Appearance : lacy reticular hyperpigmentation Other sx : nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia, early hair greying, sparse eyelashes, hyderhidrosis Location : upper chest, neck, nail atrophy, oral leukoplakia Tx : no cure; tx is aimed at maintaining bone marrow function via oxymetholone as this is the major cause of death A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z